By Annunthra Rangan, Senior Research Officer Image Courtesy: Middle East Eye West Asia is once again on the edge. Following a short but intense conflict between Iran and Israel in 2025, and mounting tensions involving the United States, Tehran is reportedly seeking to replenish and upgrade its depleted missile capabilities. As part of this effort, Iran is close to finalizing a major arms agreement with China,  potentially one of the largest weapons transfers in their history.

By Yashita S, Research Intern, C3S Guided by Major General Rajiv Narayanan , Distinguished Member, C3S Image Courtesy: Scroll Abstract: Existing scholarly views on military transformation highly focus on quantitative comparisons of hardware such as aircrafts, ships, tanks or defence budgets. These studies provide valuable data on modernization but restrict them to arms and ammunitions, neglecting the importance of institutional reforms which focus on how lessons are absorbed

By Rahul Karan Reddy Image Courtesy: SCMP The investigation of Zhang Youxia and Liu Zhenli for “serious disciplinary and legal violations” (严重违纪违法) is a reminder that Xi Jinping’s struggle for primacy can shock and surprise even the most keen-eyed observers of Chinese politics. The plethora of rumors and propaganda swirling about the circumstances of the investigation into Zhang Youxia in particular has spawned a variety of interpretations on the balance of power in the Commu

Military-Civil Fusion is a national strategy of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to develop the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) into a...

Introduction China’s 80 th  anniversary Victory Day parade held on 3 Sep 2025 at Beijing showcased a mature integrated People’s...

Article 21/2025 Abstract This paper supposes that Iran’s nuclear ambition is doomed either way because neither its adversaries nor its...

Article 15/25 The language of terrorism is always loud—it disrupts peace, provokes tensions, and poses grave threats not only to...

Image Courtesy: Zee Business Issue Brief: 4/2025 C3S launched its Issue Brief initiative. An issue brief is a summary of the knowledge...

Image Courtesy: The magazin Issue Brief: 13/2024 C3S launched its Issue Brief initiative. An issue brief is a summary of the knowledge...

Image Courtesy: New Regime Article Courtesy: Defence Research and Studies Article: 52/ 2024 20 Oct 2024, marked an important event in...